In the process of organic fertilizer production, the first step is to ferment the raw materials. This is a key step affecting the quality of organic fertilizer and is of great significance to the development of sustainable agriculture. Generally speaking, fermentation has the following common ways.
1. Trough aerobic fermentation: This is the most effective method to treat pig manure at present. It is also suitable for commercial production of pig manure organic fertilizer and is conducive to standardized production. It uses biological characteristics combined with mechanized technology to completely decompose pig manure with natural microorganisms or inoculated microorganisms, and convert organic matter into organic matter, carbon dioxide and water. This method has short fermentation time, and pig manure can be completely fermented and decomposed in about 15 days. It is easy to realize industrialized production, not affected by weather and seasons, and has little pollution to the environment, which is conducive to the commercial production of pig manure organic fertilizer. According to different equipment, the width of fermentation tank is generally 3-20m, the depth is generally 0.8-1.5m and the length is 50-100m. It can be designed according to the actual situation.
2. Strip composting is to grow the raw material mixture into piles or strips, stack them regularly by manual or dumper, ventilate naturally, maintain the aerobic state in the pile and decompose under aerobic conditions. The cross section of the crucible can be trapezoidal, irregular quadrilateral or triangular. Strip compost fermentation is to lay the materials in rows and stack them in the open air or under the scaffold. Each row of materials is 2-3m wide and 1-1.5m high. The length shall be determined according to the actual situation. Ventilation ducts can be installed under the material pile. There may also be no ventilation. The characteristic of strip composting treatment of pig manure is that the materials can be placed close to the farmland, which can save special plants, but the treatment time is relatively long. If the outdoor mode is used, it will be affected by the weather and season.
3. Closed high temperature fermentation. The livestock manure organic fertilizer equipment can transport up to 80% of the manure moisture to the fermentation drum through the conveyor belt. After high-temperature and aerobic fermentation, about 30% of the moisture can be safely stored. The whole process is completed in the fermentation tank without odor pollution, so as to reduce the environmental pollution in the drying process and meet the national environmental protection standard.
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